Chronic Ankle Instability Care

What You Need To Know

Understanding chronic ankle instability and how it can be treated effectively.

Understanding Chronic Ankle Instability

Chronic ankle instability is a condition characterized by a recurring giving way of the outer (lateral) side of the ankle. It often develops after repeated ankle sprains. Usually, the giving way occurs while walking or during activity, but it can also happen when you are just standing. Many athletes, as well as others, suffer from chronic ankle instability.

The condition typically develops following an ankle sprain that has not adequately healed or was not fully rehabilitated. When you sprain your ankle, the connective tissues (ligaments) are stretched or torn, and your ability to balance and stabilize is often affected. Proper rehabilitation is vital to strengthen the muscles around the ankle and retrain the tissues that affect balance. Each subsequent sprain further weakens the ligaments, resulting in greater instability.

People with chronic ankle instability often report repeated turning of the ankle, especially on uneven surfaces or during sports, persistent discomfort and swelling, pain or tenderness, and a wobbly feeling. Risk factors include obesity, lack of follow-up strengthening exercises, and returning to sports too soon. In evaluating your condition, the foot and ankle surgeon will ask about previous injuries and check for tender areas, swelling, and instability, and X-rays or other imaging may be used to guide the right treatment plan.

Treatment and Recovery Options

Treatment for chronic ankle instability is based on the results of the examination and tests, as well as on the patient’s level of activity. Nonsurgical treatment is often the first step and combines several methods to strengthen the ankle and prevent further sprains.

Physical therapy involves various treatments and exercises to strengthen the ankle, improve balance and range of motion, and retrain your muscles. As you progress through rehabilitation, you may also receive training that relates specifically to your activities or sport. Bracing is another option, as some patients wear an ankle brace to gain support and prevent additional sprains while the tendons and ligaments heal. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as ibuprofen, may be prescribed to reduce pain and inflammation.

In some cases, the foot and ankle surgeon will recommend surgery based on the degree of instability or a lack of response to nonsurgical approaches. Surgery usually involves repair or reconstruction of the damaged ligaments, and the recovery period will vary depending on the procedures performed.

Ignoring ankle instability can lead to complications and, if not managed, can eventually prevent participation in sports altogether. With the right care and a proper rehabilitation program, most patients can return to activity stronger and more confident on their feet.